JAMB Geography 2025 past questions

Checked by the Skolra question team · Last updated 23 October 2026

Ten questions from the 2025 JAMB Geography paper, with answers and explanations. We hold 73 questions from this paper, and the Skolra app has all of them.

JAMB Geography 2025 questions and answers

1. 1.

   What is the Nile Valley best known for?

   1. A
      Its extensive equatorial rainforest and timber resources
   2. B
      Its fertile alluvial soil that supports intensive irrigation farming
      Correct
   3. C
      Its large deposits of crude oil and natural gas
   4. D
      Its rich reserves of gold and diamonds
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: B

   The Nile Valley is best known for its fertile alluvial soil, which supports intensive irrigation farming.

2. 2.

   The rock which has the capacity to retain underground water is?

   1. A
      Shale
   2. B
      Basalt
   3. C
      Granite
   4. D
      Sandstone
      Correct
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: D

   Sandstone is the rock that has the capacity to retain (store) underground water.

   For a rock to hold and yield underground water, it must be both porous (having many tiny spaces between its particles) and permeable (those spaces are connected so water can move through). Sandstone is made up of sand grains loosely cemented together, so it has plenty of connected pore spaces. This is why sandstone forms one of the most important aquifer rocks studied in geography.

3. 3.

   Which of the following type of agriculture would you expect to find around a big city in an industrial society, such as in Europe?

   1. A
      Dairy farming, producing milk and other perishable products for the nearby urban market
      Correct
   2. B
      Nomadic pastoralism, herders moving livestock over long distances to find pasture
   3. C
      Extensive ranching, grazing large herds of cattle over wide, sparsely settled land
   4. D
      Shifting cultivation, clearing and abandoning plots of forest land after a few seasons
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   Dairy farming is the type of agriculture expected around a big city in an industrial society such as one in Europe.

4. 4.

   Which of the following has the highest mean annual rainfall?

   1. A
      Sudan Savanna
   2. B
      Rainforest
      Correct
   3. C
      Guinea Savanna
   4. D
      Sahel Savanna
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: B

   In Nigeria's vegetation belts, mean annual rainfall increases steadily as you move from the far north down to the coast.

   So among the four belts, the rainforest has the highest mean annual rainfall, while the Sahel Savanna has the lowest. A candidate who confuses the order (thinking rainfall decreases toward the coast, or that Guinea Savanna already receives the most because it is "in the middle") would wrongly pick one of the drier belts.

5. 5.

   Which statement is NOT true of the Middle Belt in Nigeria

   1. A
      It has the highest population density of all the regions in Nigeria
      Correct
   2. B
      It is inhabited predominantly by many minority ethnic groups
   3. C
      It is characterized mainly by guinea savanna vegetation
   4. D
      It lies as a transitional zone between the core north and the south of the country
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   The Middle Belt is actually known for relatively LOW population density, not the highest. Historically, the hilly and plateau areas of the Middle Belt (such as the Jos Plateau, the Biu Plateau and the Mambilla Plateau) served as refuge zones during the era of slave raiding, so settlement scattered into small, defended hilltop communities rather than dense concentrations. Even today, the region is far less densely settled than the core areas of the far north (around Kano, Katsina) or the densely peopled southeast (around Owerri, Aba). This makes the statement about it having the highest population density the one that is NOT true.

6. 6.

   Which of the following pairs of landforms are of desert origin

   1. A
      Barchan and zeugen
      Correct
   2. B
      Meander and oxbow lake
   3. C
      Cirque and arête
   4. D
      Stack and stump
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   Barchan and zeugen are correct — both are landforms produced by desert (wind/aeolian) processes. A barchan is a crescent-shaped sand dune formed where wind deposits sand faster on the leeward slip face than it removes it from the windward side. A zeugen is a ridge-and-furrow rock feature formed when wind-blown sand abrades a horizontal rock surface made of alternating hard and soft rock layers, wearing away the softer layer faster and leaving the harder cap standing on a pedestal.

7. 7.

   Which pair of activities would you NOT find in an equatorial climate? 1. Commercial grain farming. 2. rice cultivation. 3. lumbering. 4. plantation agriculture. 5. dry farming

   1. A
      1 and 5
      Correct
   2. B
      3 and 4
   3. C
      1 and 4
   4. D
      2 and 3
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   An equatorial climate is hot and very wet all through the year, with rainfall spread evenly across the seasons. This kind of climate supports thick rainforest and crops that need constant moisture, but it does not support farming systems that depend on a dry season or on wide, open, dry land.

8. 8.

   Which of the following features is associated with the upper course of a river?

   1. A
      Ox-bow lake
   2. B
      V-shaped valley
      Correct
   3. C
      Delta
   4. D
      Meander
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: B

   A river has three courses, and each has its own set of landforms caused by the balance between erosion and deposition.

9. 9.

   Which of the following landforms is associated with parallel faulting?

   1. A
      Rift valley
      Correct
   2. B
      Volcanic cone
   3. C
      Fold mountain
   4. D
      Cuesta
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   Parallel faulting occurs when two faults run alongside each other and the block of land between them sinks (or the two outer blocks are pushed up), leaving a long trough-like depression. This landform is the rift valley (also called a graben) — the East African Rift Valley, which passes through parts of East Africa, is the classic example taught in Nigerian geography.

   So the landform directly produced when land subsides between two parallel faults is the rift valley.

10. 10.

    On a population map of the world, all but one of the following appear generally as regions of low population density

    1. A
       Polar and sub-polar regions
    2. B
       Hot deserts
    3. C
       River valleys and deltas
       Correct
    4. D
       Equatorial rainforest regions
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer: C

    River valleys and deltas is the exception. On a world population density map, hot deserts, equatorial rainforests, and polar/sub-polar regions all stand out as sparsely peopled zones, but river valleys and deltas are among the most densely settled places on earth.

The questions come from past JAMB, WAEC and NECO papers. We use software to help write the answer options and explanations, and every answer is checked twice before it goes on the site. How we check

Spotted a wrong answer? Tell us from the app or on the contact page and we check it.

Practise all 73 questions we hold from the 2025 paper, on a timed CBT screen

Every question has the answer and an explanation, in the Skolra app.

Download for WindowsDownload for Mac

About the app · Skolra for Windows · Skolra for Mac