WAEC Geography past questions and answers

Checked by the Skolra question team · Last updated 15 October 2026

WAEC Geography: 260 objective past questions from 6 papers between 2019 and 2024, each with the answer and an explanation. Here are ten.

How the WAEC Geography paper is set. On WAEC's 2026 timetable for private candidates, Paper 1 (objective) takes 1 hour, Paper 2 (essay) 2 hours and Paper 3 (practical and physical geography) 1 hour 50 minutes. If the question paper on the day gives another time, follow the question paper. The questions here are from Paper 1.

1. 1.

   Which of the following pairs of land forms are surface features of a karst region? i.Clint ii.Grikes iii.Stalagmite iv.Cavin

   1. A
      Clints and stalagmites
   2. B
      Grikes and stalagmites
   3. C
      Stalagmites and cavin
   4. D
      Clints and grikes
      Correct
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: D

   Clints and grikes are surface features of karst regions. Clints are blocks of limestone separated by grikes (vertical cracks widened by solution weathering).

   This distinctive surface topography develops where limestone is exposed and solution weathering dominates. The criss-cross pattern of clints and grikes is characteristic of karst landscapes worldwide.

2. 2.

   Which of the following represents the correct sequence in which denudation occurs?

   1. A
      Deposition → transportation → erosion → mass movement → weathering
   2. B
      Weathering → erosion → transportation → deposition → mass movement
   3. C
      Weathering → mass movement → erosion → transportation → deposition
      Correct
   4. D
      Erosion → weathering → transportation → deposition → mass movement
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: C

   The correct sequence of denudation is weathering → mass movement → erosion → transportation → deposition. Weathering breaks down rock in place. Mass movement (gravity-driven) transfers broken material downslope. Erosion removes material using water or wind. Transportation carries material to deposition sites. Deposition leaves material in new locations.

3. 3.

   Which of the following is most affected by drought and flood

   1. A
      Tourism
   2. B
      Agriculture
      Correct
   3. C
      Mining
   4. D
      Manufacturing
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: B

   Agriculture depends directly on water availability and soil conditions. Drought causes crop failure and livestock death, while floods destroy crops and erode farmlands, making agriculture the sector most severely affected by these weather extremes.

4. 4.

   Which of the following factors is a major boost to tourism?

   1. A
      Political instability and frequent civil unrest
   2. B
      Poor transportation infrastructure and inaccessible roads
   3. C
      Rich cultural heritage, natural attractions and good infrastructure
      Correct
   4. D
      High crime rate and threats to personal security
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: C

   Tourism is boosted by factors that attract visitors and make their stay comfortable and safe. Rich cultural heritage (museums, festivals, historical sites), natural attractions (wildlife, beaches, mountains, national parks), and good supporting infrastructure (hotels, airports, roads) are the primary drivers of tourist arrivals. Political instability, poor infrastructure, and high crime rates are deterrents to tourism rather than boosts.

5. 5.

   Which of the following coastal features is not due to erosion?

   1. A
      Spit
   2. B
      Wave-cut platform
   3. C
      Cliff
   4. D
      Beach
      Correct
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: D

   A beach is a depositional landform built up by wave action and sediment accumulation.

   Cliffs and wave-cut platforms are erosional features, while spits are also depositional.

6. 6.

   Which of the following types of rocks contain fossils?

   1. A
      Sedimentary rocks
      Correct
   2. B
      All rock types equally
   3. C
      Metamorphic rocks
   4. D
      Igneous rocks
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   Sedimentary rocks contain fossils. Fossils are remains of ancient organisms preserved in sedimentary rocks like limestone, shale and sandstone formed from accumulated sediment.

   The sedimentary rock formation process allows organism remains to be embedded and preserved over millions of years.

7. 7.

   Subsistence farming is practiced when people

   1. A
      farm primarily to meet their own food needs
      Correct
   2. B
      use modern technology on large farms
   3. C
      cultivate cash crops for commercial markets
   4. D
      grow crops mainly for export
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   Subsistence farming is the practice of growing food primarily to feed the farmer and their family, with little or no surplus for sale.

8. 8.

   Two opposite longitudes form

   1. A
      a great circle
      Correct
   2. B
      a parallel of latitude
   3. C
      a small circle
   4. D
      an international date line
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   Any two meridians that are 180° apart (i.e. opposite longitudes such as 30°E and 150°W) together trace a complete great circle around the Earth, passing through both poles.

9. 9.

   Which of the following is a process of river transportation?

   1. A
      Carbonation
   2. B
      Oxidation
   3. C
      Saltation
      Correct
   4. D
      Exfoliation
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: C

   Saltation is a process of river transportation in which particles are too heavy to remain in suspension but are bounced or leaped along the river bed by the flow of water. Carbonation and oxidation are chemical weathering processes, while exfoliation is a physical weathering process; none of these three involve the movement of material by a river.

10. 10.

    The term overpopulation could best be described as a situation where

    1. A
       Population exceeding the carrying capacity of the land
       Correct
    2. B
       Low birth rates and high death rates
    3. C
       Equal birth and death rates
    4. D
       High death rates and low birth rates
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer: A

    Overpopulation occurs when the population size exceeds the environmental carrying capacity or resources available. This creates pressure on food, water, housing, and employment.

    It is not about birth and death rate ratios but about the mismatch between population and available resources.

The questions come from past JAMB, WAEC and NECO papers. We use software to help write the answer options and explanations, and every answer is checked twice before it goes on the site. How we check

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