WAEC Geography 2019 past questions

Checked by the Skolra question team · Last updated 15 October 2026

Ten questions from the 2019 WAEC Geography paper, with answers and explanations. We hold 38 questions from this paper, and the Skolra app has all of them.

WAEC Geography 2019 questions and answers

1. 1.

   Which of the following elements of climate is used in the Greek System of climate classification?

   1. A
      Temperature
      Correct
   2. B
      Humidity
   3. C
      Rainfall
   4. D
      Wind direction
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   Answer: A

   The Greek System divides the Earth into three latitudinal climate zones — Torrid, Temperate, and Frigid — based solely on temperature, which decreases with increasing latitude away from the equator.

2. 2.

   What is the sum total of human resources available in a country called?

   1. A
      Human capital
      Correct
   2. B
      Labour force
   3. C
      Workforce capacity
   4. D
      Population density
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   Answer: A

   Human capital refers to the sum total of the skills, knowledge, experience, and abilities of all the people in a country.

3. 3.

   Which of the following factors hinder the development of tourism? I. Spread of diseases II. Escalationof crime Ill. Adequate publicity IV. Inadequate appreciation of leisure

   1. A
      II, III and IV only
   2. B
      I, II and IV only
      Correct
   3. C
      I, II and III only
   4. D
      I, III and IV only
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   Answer: B

   Spread of diseases (I), escalation of crime (II), and inadequate appreciation of leisure (IV) all hinder tourism. Adequate publicity (III) promotes tourism rather than hindering it.

4. 4.

   What is the local time in Town X at 45° E, when it is noon at 0°?

   1. A
      9:00 am
   2. B
      6:00 pm
   3. C
      3:00 pm
      Correct
   4. D
      12:00 noon
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   Answer: C

   At 0° it is 12:00 noon. Every 15° of longitude equals 1 hour; 45° E = 45 × 4 minutes = 180 minutes = 3 hours ahead of 0°. Therefore, 12:00 + 3:00 = 3:00 pm.

5. 5.

   The major causes of change in population size are

   1. A
      climate change and natural disasters
   2. B
      birth rate, death rate and migration
      Correct
   3. C
      government policies and wars
   4. D
      urbanisation and industrialisation
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   Answer: B

   The three fundamental demographic variables that cause population change are birth rate (fertility), death rate (mortality), and migration (net movement in or out).

6. 6.

   How many standard time zones will a country with a longitudinal extent of 150°have?

   1. A
      15
   2. B
      8
   3. C
      10
      Correct
   4. D
      5
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   Answer: C

   Each standard time zone spans 15° of longitude. A country with a longitudinal extent of 150° will therefore have 150 ÷ 15 = 10 time zones.

7. 7.

   One important consequence of the location of Nigeria between latitudes 41 and 14" North of the equatoris that

   1. A
      Nigeria has cold winters and warm summers
   2. B
      Nigeria has four distinct seasons
   3. C
      Nigeria experiences a tropical climate with high temperatures
      Correct
   4. D
      Nigeria receives snowfall in its northern regions
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   Answer: C

   Nigeria's location within the tropics results in consistently high temperatures and a tropical climate throughout the year, with no cold seasons.

8. 8.

   From what are carbonaceous types of sedimentary rocks made of?

   1. A
      Volcanic ash deposits
   2. B
      Remains of organic matter and plant material
      Correct
   3. C
      Chemical precipitation from seawater
   4. D
      Mineral salts in solution
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   Answer: B

   Carbonaceous sedimentary rocks such as coal are formed from the compressed and lithified remains of organic matter, primarily plant material, accumulated over millions of years.

9. 9.

   Which of the following is a drainage pattern?

   1. A
      Dendritic
      Correct
   2. B
      Meander
   3. C
      Alluvial fan
   4. D
      Delta
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   Answer: A

   Dendritic is a drainage pattern in which streams branch out like the limbs of a tree. Alluvial fans, deltas, and meanders are landforms, not drainage patterns.

10. 10.

    Which climatic type has winter rain

    1. A
       Mediterranean climate
       Correct
    2. B
       Tropical monsoon climate
    3. C
       Equatorial climate
    4. D
       Tropical continental climate
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    Answer: A

    The Mediterranean climate is characterised by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, with the majority of rainfall occurring during the winter months.

The questions come from past JAMB, WAEC and NECO papers. We use software to help write the answer options and explanations, and every answer is checked twice before it goes on the site. How we check

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Practise all 38 questions we hold from the 2019 paper, on a timed CBT screen

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