WAEC Agricultural Science (Agric) past questions and answers

Checked by the Skolra question team · Last updated 23 October 2026

WAEC Agricultural Science: 1,440 objective past questions from 31 papers between 1992 and 2024, each with the answer and an explanation. WAEC now lists the subject as Agriculture. Here are ten.

How the WAEC Agric paper is set. On WAEC's 2026 timetable for private candidates, Paper 1 (objective) takes 50 minutes, Paper 2 (essay) 2 hours 10 minutes and Paper 3 (alternative to practical work) 1 hour 30 minutes. If the question paper on the day gives another time, follow the question paper. The questions here are from Paper 1.

1. 1.Artificial scarcity of agricultural produce is often caused by the following marketing agents except
   1. A
      Retailers
   2. B
      Cooperative societies
      Correct
   3. C
      Wholesalers
   4. D
      Individual middlemen
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   Answer: B

   Cooperative societies are the exception. In agricultural marketing, several agents handle produce between the farmer and the final consumer, but not all of them behave the same way.

2. 2.Which of the following is a disadvantage of battery cage?
   1. A
      It involves a high cost of construction and equipment
      Correct
   2. B
      It reduces the spread of diseases and parasites among birds
   3. C
      It reduces cannibalism and egg-eating among the birds
   4. D
      It allows easy identification and culling of poor layers
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   Answer: A

   The battery cage system of poultry housing confines birds individually (or a few per cage) in wire-mesh cages arranged in tiers, with feeding, watering and egg collection built into the structure.

3. 3.The following equipment can be used for irrigation except
   1. A
      Sprinkler
   2. B
      Perforated hose
   3. C
      Watering can
   4. D
      Knapsack sprayer
      Correct
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   Answer: D

   Irrigation is the artificial supply of water to crops. The watering can, the perforated hose and the sprinkler are all designed to deliver water directly to the soil or to plants, so they are genuine irrigation equipment.

4. 4.Complete eradication of tsetse flies will be an effective control measure for
   1. A
      Foot-and-mouth disease
   2. B
      Trypanosomiasis
      Correct
   3. C
      Rinderpest
   4. D
      Anthrax
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   Answer: B

   Trypanosomiasis is the disease spread by tsetse flies. The tsetse fly (Glossina species) is the biological vector that carries the Trypanosoma parasite from one animal to another as it bites; in livestock the disease is commonly called nagana, and in humans it is sleeping sickness.

5. 5.Citrus is usually propagated by
   1. A
      Budding
      Correct
   2. B
      Direct seed sowing
   3. C
      Stem cutting
   4. D
      Air layering (marcotting)
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   Budding is correct. Citrus (orange, lemon, lime, tangerine) is a woody perennial tree crop, and commercial citrus growers raise new trees by budding a bud (scion) from a high-yielding, disease-resistant mother tree onto a young seedling rootstock. The budded tree combines the strong root system of the rootstock with the known fruit quality of the scion, and it comes into bearing much earlier than a seed-grown tree.

6. 6.Stud bull is the term used in describing
   1. A
      a bull kept purely for breeding because of its superior qualities
      Correct
   2. B
      a bull trained and used for draught work on the farm
   3. C
      a castrated bull reared and fattened for beef production
   4. D
      a young bull not yet mature enough to serve cows
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   Stud bull is the term used for a bull that is kept and maintained purely for breeding purposes — selected and reared because of its superior genetic qualities (good growth rate, conformation, fertility) so that it can pass these traits to its offspring through mating with cows.

7. 7.Cotton stainer is an insect pest of
   1. A
      Cotton
      Correct
   2. B
      Cowpea
   3. C
      Maize
   4. D
      Cassava
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   Cotton stainer (Dysdercus species) is a true bug (Hemiptera) that attacks cotton bolls. It pierces the developing bolls and sucks sap from the seeds, and in doing so introduces staining fungi and bacteria that discolour (stain) the cotton lint, which is how the pest gets its common name. This stain reduces the market value and quality of the cotton fibre.

8. 8.The best way for a young animal to obtain colostrum is by
   1. A
      sucking directly from the mother
      Correct
   2. B
      drenching it by hand with a syringe
   3. C
      bucket-feeding it from a trough
   4. D
      bottle-feeding it with warmed milk
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A

   Colostrum is the thick, antibody-rich first milk a mother animal (cow, goat, ewe, sow, etc.) produces immediately after giving birth. A newborn needs it within the first few hours of life because its gut can only absorb the large antibody molecules whole during that short window, and colostrum also supplies concentrated protein, vitamins and a mild laxative effect that clears the first faeces (meconium).

9. 9.Which of the following factors should be considered in selecting cover crops? The cover crops must I. be easy to propagate II. compete with the main crops III. have roots capable of binding soils IV. be slow growing
   1. A
      II and IV only
   2. B
      I and III only
      Correct
   3. C
      I and II only
   4. D
      III and IV only
   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: B

   I and III only are the correct factors.

   A good cover crop must be easy to propagate so it establishes quickly and cheaply over the farmland, and it must have roots capable of binding the soil so it protects the land against erosion by wind and rain while improving soil structure.

10. 10.A farmer sold all his harvested maize totaling 260 kg at N5.50 per kg, thereby making a profit of N430.00. Determine the percentage profit per kg of maize sold.
    1. A
       43%
       Correct
    2. B
       30%
    3. C
       38%
    4. D
       49%
    Show answerHide answer

    Answer: A

    Step 1 — Find the total revenue (selling price):
    260 kg × ₦5.50 per kg = ₦1,430.00.

    Step 2 — Find the cost price:
    Profit = Selling Price − Cost Price, so
    Cost Price = ₦1,430.00 − ₦430.00 = ₦1,000.00.

    Step 3 — Find the percentage profit:
    Percentage Profit = (Profit ÷ Cost Price) × 100
    = (430 ÷ 1000) × 100 = 43%.

The questions come from past JAMB, WAEC and NECO papers. We use software to help write the answer options and explanations, and every answer is checked twice before it goes on the site. How we check

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